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SUDS CITY BEER STYLES
Bock - Barleywine - Porters & Stouts


SUDS CITY BEER STYLES
-BARLEYWINE
-AMERICAN BOCK
-PORTERS & STOUTS

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PORTERS & STOUTS
By Brian Gustafson
'Twas a dark and stormy night inside the proper British pint glass on the bar in front of me, cascading so beautifully and capturing my rapt attention. Now that the weather has turned gray and colder, the Cubs wereon their way to winning the first game in the playoffs, the Bears have a new stadium (fat lot of good it will do,) our beer cravings get a lot darker, and our thoughts turn to porters and stouts.
Porter is a type of dark ale, which has a balance of maltiness and hop bitterness. It is generally strong and heavy and brewed with soft rather than hard water. It was originally brewed in early 18th century London and became quite popular among the porters of that city, thus the name. Strong porters were called Stout-Porter, and this type of beer lead to the creation of Stout as a separate style.
Stout is a very dark beer brewed using roasted malt, originally formulated and produced by Guinness. There are many different kinds of stout, with the most popular being Irish or Dry stout, like Guinness; Imperial Stout, a very heavy beer with a high alcohol content developed for export to Russia which needed to survive long journeys and keep the drinkers "warm" on cold nights; Oatmeal stout brewed with oats; and Cream Stout, which originally had dairy ingredients but is produced infrequently these days.
Of course, every dark beer drinker is well aware of the stouts from Guinness, Murphy's, and Beamish, and have enjoyed them throughout the year. But other brews from the UK deserve a very good look and taste from U.S. dark beer fans, and are growing in popularity each year.
Three favorite dark English beers that have been in the U.S. for a very long time are from the Old Brewery at Tadcaster in Yorkshire. Samuel Smith's Taddy Porter, Oatmeal Stout and Imperial Stout are three of the finest, most consistently high quality beers in the dark beer market today. The Samuel Smith Taddy Porter was my personal introduction to dark beers, back in 1983, where I found it in a retail outlet in San Jose. This one opened my eyes to unexplored dark territory and I have made the trip back there again and again. It is full-bodied without being too heavy, and roasty with just the right hoppiness. The Samuel Smith Oatmeal Stout is very well balanced with oats added to complement the roasted malt flavor. The Samuel Smith Imperial Stout is big and bold but not brash, with a higher alcohol content but still a nice smoothness.
Fuller's London Porter is another classic porter that has enjoyed a lot of success in the U.S. It is unique in that it is the only Fuller's product that uses Fuggles hop in the brewing process. It is a respectable 5.4% ABV with a nice roasty flavor, enhanced by a coffee/chocolate smoothness. John Keeling, the head brewer at Fuller's talked with us about the Fuller's London Porter.
"London Porter is unusual in that it is the only Fuller's beer that is brewed with Fuggles hops. Fullers is a traditional user of Golding's rather than Fuggles.
Although I played a part in the development of Porter, the recipe was established by my predecessor Reg Drury and is 5.4% ABV. The flavour is dominated by the roasted malts within the recipe and it has a coffee/chocolate/roasted flavour. Some people can taste licoricebut we do not add any. We sell far more Porter in the export market than in GB. Indeed the Porter has just won a Gold medal at the Stockholm Beer Festival. "
Domestic craft brewers have been "experimenting" with Porter and Stout recipes for many years, which has lead to the rise of barrel-conditioned brews - big, bold, in-your-face beers with very unique flavors and potent alcohol levels.
Pete Crowley, Brewmaster at Rock Bottom Brewery in Chicago, has had great success with his barrel-conditioned beers - so much success that for the past two years, his beers have captured the Gold Medal at the Great American Beer Festival. He won the Gold in 2002 for his Oatmeal Bourbon Stout, and again in 2003 for his Red Line Imperial Bourbon Stout. "Barrel conditioned beers give a brewer and the consumer a 'second' way to serve and appreciate an already great beer," Crowley explains. "We get our barrels from Jim Beam right after they are emptied, so they are still 'wet.' After 10 months in the barrel, the beer has lots of vanilla oakiness, but the bourbon 'flavor' is nor overpowering because the beer is so huge!"
Goose Island Beer Company is another local brewery that has taken the traditional stout to the limit and beyond. Their Bourbon County Stout, barrel conditioned in bourbon barrels, has long been a favorite beer at their two brewpubs, and soon will be available in bottles as part of their "F.O.A.M.” extreme series.
Other local and regional breweries have produced several stouts and porters, but none with the variety and intensity of Kalamazoo Brewing Company with their Bell's branded beers. They are stout-aholics with nine different bottled stouts (and one porter) out of 23 or so bottled products. Bell's Porter and Kalamazoo Stout are available all year. Their Special Double Cream Stout, Cherry Stout and Expedition Stout (a MONSTER beer) and available in the colder months, October through March. Their special stouts, Java Stout, Oatmeal Stout, Rye Stout, Harry Magill's Spiced Stout and Susie's Sweet Stout are available starting in November.
Over the past few years, the U.S. market has embraced a number of imported porters and stouts from all over the globe. Some of the more notable brews are included here. From the Stepan Razin Brewery in St. Petersburg Russia comes Stepan Razin Porter, a Gold Medal winning beer with the malty caramel characteristics of a classic porter, and a bright, faintly fruity finish. Another St. Petersburg brewery, Baltika, brings us two great beers, Baltika 4 (the 'original' beer) a dark, medium strong beer with a bread flavor and slight bitterness, and Baltika 6 Porter, a big, dark, meaty beer weighing in at 7% ABV. Another Russian Brewery, Afanasy from Tver, produces a unique dark beer with a rich malty taste and aroma. This beer is recognized by the red label.
Porter was "invented" in England, so we cannot forget to include a beer that might come close the original recipe, now lost in time. Flag Porter is brewed from a traditional 19th century British recipe using yeast salvaged from a vessel, which sank in the English Channel in 1825.
Belgian Albert Le Coq left for Tartu Russia in 1912 to brew the first Imperial Extra Double Stout, possibly the biggest of all the Imperial Stout imports. This beer is big and chewy and dense and fairly bitter and not for the faint of heart.
Porter is very popular in Scandinavia as well. What else can you drink during those months-long winter nights? Created by Nicolai Sinebrychoff in 1819, Sinebrychoff Porter brewed by the oldest operating brewery in Scandinavia (Helsinki, Finland) uses four differing malts (Vienna, Munich, Chocolate, Caramel), two types of hops (Hallertau, Saaz) and a fresh young yeast for each new batch.
New to the market here in the U.S., from Wye Valley Brewery in Herefordshire UK, is Dorothy Goodbody's Wholesome Stout, brewed with roasted and flaked barley, pale malts and of course Irish Northdown Hops. At the 4th CAMRA National Winter Ales Festival in 2003, Dorothy Goodbody's Wholesome Stout came first in its class and claimed the bronze medal in the overall judging.
In this modern age no country has a "lock" on fine stouts, with Hitachino Nestbier Sweet Stout from Japan as a perfect example. It is one of the last, true examples of a classic beer style, which was first documented in the 1900s in England. The nutritional value of lactose, a by-product of cheese making, is widely credited in the further development of this style throughout the 20th century, in particular during and after both world wars. As milk sugars are not fermentable by beer yeast, sweet stouts are characterized by their low level of alcohol, rather modest carbonation, and hints of sweetness on the palate and finish.
These are only a few examples of the many fine stouts and porters that are currently available in our "Suds" marketing area. Please visit your local pubs and liquor stores for these and others, and tell them you read about it in Suds Wine & Spirits!
W atch for an article on Strong Beers coming in this space!
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OUR BOCK BEER
by Michael David Ratkowski
The early Beer Barons of Wisconsin can be credited with making many innovative contributions to the marvelously diverse world of brewing. One of them being the 'American Bock Beer' -style, which is also commonly referred to as 'Wisconsin Bock.' Regrettable this style of beer gets paid a smidgen of the respect of which it handsomely deserves. Just watch an old timer's eyes sparkle as he reminisces about sitting on the front porch, the first warm day of spring, watching the flaxen headed neighbor girl simonize a Studebaker, while listening to the radio and drawing deep pleasure from a cool beer bucket of creamy, rich Wisconsin Bock. Most beer writers skim over the American Bock Beer -style in their books and focus only on it's illustrious European cousins. Some even go as far as to suggest American Bock beers are merely caramel colored (after-brewed) versions of their brewery's regular beer. A practice which is neither unheard of, nor very common, I would suspect that the fierce Germanic pride of Wisconsin's founding brew masters would have made such spurious thing -- verbieten.
Originally brewed as a lower gravity version of it's European counterparts, to appeal to the American pallet, a true and authentic America or Wisconsin bock beer is generally brewed with up to 35% adjuncts (usually corn grits) and derives it's color (15 - 20 Lovibond) from darker malts such as: Munich and Black Patent, a bit of sweetness from Crystal malt and creaminess and mouth feel from Dextrin malt. More often than not balanced with American hops like Clusters or Cascade to 16-20 IBU's, it's alcohol levels don't approach those of European bocks, topping out at about 4.5% to 5% by volume. While most of today's craft brewers try to emulate the classic continental bocks, there still remain a few breweries producing American-style bocks; Huber, Point, Leinenkegel, and August Schell are just few good examples.
Here's a recipe for the all grain home brewer, technically it is not exactly an American bock (no adjuncts & a tad too high gravity).Nonetheless its close -- and on that first warm day of spring when you're whirling a few C.D.'s and checking out the fair-haired maiden from the next apartment as she puts a sheen on her new P. T. Cruiser - it will quench your thirst nicely.


Spring Fever Tonic
7 pounds 2-row brewers malt 2 pounds Munich malt
8 ounces Crystal malt 8 ounces Dextrin malt
4 ounces Black Patent malt
1 ounce Cluster hops (1 hour) ½ ounce Cascade hops (30 minutes)
½ ounce Cascade hops (15 minutes) 1 teaspoon Irish moss (15 minutes)
½ ounce Cascade hops (1 minute) Wyeast #2035 American lager

Mash all grains at 155 degrees F for 1 ½ hours
Original gravity: 1.049 Final gravity: 1.012
Prime with ¾ cup dextrose or force carbonate in keg
Michael Ratkowski owns The Marketbasket in Brookfield and is President of the Bacchus Wine Society & Milwaukee Beer Society.

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SAMPLING THOMAS HARDY ALE 1986 - 1998
(A Three Hour Tour of Twelve Fine Ales)
By Mike Schaefer and Alan Werth

We suspect many of you face the same dilemma. You have acquired that “special” bottle of beer and are looking for the perfect occasion to enjoy it. It might have to do with the style, the brewer, or the bottling. It could be from a special trip or event, a favorite brewer or brewmaster, or was just a rare find at the local store. Whatever it is, you never seem to find the “right” occasion worthy of this beer, knowing that once it is consumed, you will no longer have it available for the next “great event”.
From our personal experience, we each have a cellar full of beers stored in silent testament to this fact that it is easier to collect the beer then find a reason to drink it. Recently, just such a “right” occasion presented itself. For several years our families have enjoyed a weekend together to celebrate birthdays for Mike and Al’s wife, Kathy. We have often brought along a few treasures from our collections to enjoy while relaxing by the pool or after a good dinner. This year there was the added significance of Mike’s 40th birthday, and he decided it was time to share some of his oldest, most prized beers: Thomas Hardy’s Ales bottled in 1986 and 1989 through 1993. Inspired by the opportunity to taste a full range of bottlings from this distinct beer, Alan explored his cellar and discovered that he had additional bottlings of the ale from years 1994 to 1998, and the 1993 Silver Anniversary ale. It was apparent we had all the makings for a truly memorable beer tasting experience.

Thomas Hardy’s Ale is a legendary example of a “special” beer. Named for the early 20th Century English poet, Thomas Hardy’s Ale was first brewed in 1968 by the Eldridge Pope Brewery of Dorchester, England. It appears Mr. Hardy was quite fond of his ales, and he makes several references to them in his work, including a particular ale from Dorchester. The bottle label includes a quote from one of Hardy’s works describing this ale.

In addition to the literary quote, like a wine each bottle is vintage dated, showing the year of bottling. Up through 1993, the beer was bottled in a 6.33 oz. bottle that also included a distinct bottle number. Starting with the 1993 Silver Anniversary addition, the size was increased to an 11.15 oz. bottle. On the older bottlings there was a medallion with a bust of Mr. Hardy around the neck of the bottle, but it appears this was discontinued sometime in the late 1980’s.

The beer itself is often described as an English Strong Ale, but even that categorization sells this beer short. It was brewed to a high specific gravity, was heavily hopped, and was bottled without being filtered. This results in a beer that is “bottle conditioned”, or in other words, continues fermenting after bottling. The result is an ale high in alcohol content that is intended to age gracefully and last a long, long time. How long? There is a 1995 tasting report from the publication, Malt Advocate, that gives high marks to the bottle they sampled from the original 1968 brewing.

Once committed, we realized some organization was needed to fully enjoy 12 distinct bottlings of this fine ale. Since each is bottle-conditioned, we assumed there would be distinct differences between each year, with a gradual mellowing with age. By tasting these bottlings under identical conditions, we hoped to notice any pattern in the flavors through the years. Therefore, we decided to conduct a tasting of all 12 bottles as a true vertical tasting, starting with the 1986 bottle and working towards the 1998. Each bottle would be at “cellar” temperature when served, and a fresh glass would be used for each bottle.

As with any sampling of an older beer, the first question was whether all of the different bottlings were still drinkable, and had not fallen victim to time and spoilage. During the Millennium New Year’s celebration, we had opened several bottles of Hardy’s and experienced that some did not process the same flavor profile as the others. Was this caused by something related to that particular bottle, or might there be specific years where the beer did not age as well as others?

We also wondered if we might be able to detect specific patterns in taste, appearance and nose throughout all of the years in the tasting, and whether the bottle size seemed to have any effect on the brew’s characteristics. Since the bottlings were split between two different storage conditions, would there be any distinct characteristics between the 2 groups? Finally, would there be any of the bottlings that would clearly distinguish themselves as the best of the group?

Finally, after all of our planning (including convincing our wives that this would not ruin their enjoyment of the weekend), the opportunity to execute the tasting session was upon us. We had already spent a great afternoon sampling some of Lake Louie’s ales in Spring Green, and enjoyed a good dinner and brews at the Brewery Creek Brewpub in Mineral Point. We lined up the bottles on a table and took some photos. Al got out a notepad and Mike popped open the 1986 bottle. It was 7:15 p.m. and we were about to embark on what was eventually a three-hour tour through some incredible beer.

As Mike started to pour the1986, we were greeted by the familiar, toffee like aroma we had experienced from Hardy’s in the past. Also familiar were the dark brown color, and the low carbonation. What was amazing was how the beer flowed out of the bottle, thick and syrupy in texture, yet amazingly clear. It was obvious this beer had been brewed to last and had lived up to the challenge. This was confirmed by the first sip, which started as a sweet caramel, and finished like a tawny port. It was unfortunate this was the only bottle we had of the 1986, but we finished it and eagerly moved on to the 1989.

While 3 years apart in age, the 1989 was distinctly different that the ’86. It was a lighter, coppery red in color, much thinner, and was a little cloudy. It had a bolder peppery flavor, although the caramel flavor was still there in a much more subdued way. As we move to the 1990, it was becoming apparent that each different year would be a beer unto its own in flavor, color, and body. It seems entirely possible to us that the brewery had variations in the recipe from year-to-year.

However, despite such individual characteristics, each was also distinctively a Hardy’s. All were a dark honey to copper in color, had little if any carbonation, were somewhat syrupy, and had a caramel/toffee taste and nose, along with elements of dried fruit, pepper and soy. For such a description of flavors, they were not sweet beers, but were often slightly bitter. Often we found ourselves comparing the flavor to Sierra Nevada’s Bigfoot barleywine, and assume this is due to the high hop content of the beer. It was also obvious that there was still plenty of alcohol present in each beer, although this was never apparent to the degree that it was a distraction from the tastes. Often our descriptions of flavors read more like a tasting of dry red wines or good bourbon, rather than of a beer.

Al did manage to keep a log of each bottling: the bottle size, numbering if present, and, of course, tasting highlights. We will certainly be using the information as a guide when choosing a bottle from our collections in the future, and we would be happy to share them with anyone who is interested. (It should also be noted that any tasting of magnitude does significantly impact its participants. In planning the tasting we took care to ensure that we would be eating some bread with the beer, and would not be driving, conducting surgery, or operating any heavy machinery afterwards.)

As we finished the last sips from the 1998, we took a few moments to reflect on the tasting. We were pleased to discover that none of the beers had become undrinkable. Each different bottle was a slightly different combination of looks, smells and tastes, but they were all enjoyable. There was no indication that the size of the bottle, or the storage conditions had any effect on the taste. From the perspective of age, it did seem that the young bottlings tasted of fruit, the middle group was more bourbon like, and the oldest group had a distinct toffee taste. However, there were no indications that the ale needed to sit a particular length of time before drinking, or that there was a foreseeable time when the beer might be undrinkable. Of all the years, only the 1989 and 1992 seemed most susceptible to age and the elements, and we both agreed that the most impressive years in the tasting were the ’86, ’91 and ’98 bottlings.

As collectors, we have always held Thomas Hardy’s Ale as one of the signature beers to have in one’s cellar. This tasting reminded us just how terrific the beer really is. We had sampled beer over a 12-year spectrum, a timeframe longer than most US microbreweries have been in existence. Over this time, the ale demonstrated a marked consistency in taste and attributes, yet provided each different year with its own taste and personality.

The real lesson from the tasting is that great friends and good beer makes for a memorable time. It is not necessary to critically analyze every beer consumed, but rather to take pleasure in enjoying the beer in the company of friends. This tasting represented only a part of a weekend in which we sampled several other fine beers, enjoyed great food, and celebrated some birthdays. If from our account, the idea of hosting a tasting sounds like fun, we would encourage you to make those arrangements necessary to facilitate such an event. However, this should not deter you from enjoying a good beer when the opportunity arises.